ARTICLES ON child-health

People with prediabetes have higher blood sugar than normal, but not high enough yet for a diabetes treatment. Borderline diabetes (prediabetes) is the stage when the person gets type 2 diabetes. It happens due to impaired fasting glucose or glucose even intolerance. It means the blood sugar levels are not in the recommended range but not that high to term it diabetes. Ignoring it is a strict no-no as there are many complications related to it. In the below article, we tell you about the causes, signs, and dangers of borderline sugar. Prediabetes is a serious health condition. People with prediabetes have higher blood sugar than normal, but not high enough yet for a diabetes treatment.  The fasting blood sugar level of 100-125ml/dl indicates that one is prediabetic. More than 126/dl or higher indicates you are pre-diabetic. HbA1C levels of 5.7-6.4 indicate prediabetes and a level of more than 6.5 indicates diabetes. The risk factors of prediabetes are obesity, being 45 years or older, lack of physical activity, having a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes, unhealthy diet: diets high in sugar and processed foods not only raise your blood pressure and bad cholesterol (LDL) and smoking puts you at risk of prediabetes. The causes: Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas to convert glucose into fuel. When one eats a meal, the carbohydrates present in the food get converted into glucose, otherwise known as blood sugar. That glucose stays in your bloodstream until your pancreas releases insulin. The insulin acts like a key that opens your cells to allow the glucose to enter, where it’s then used to fuel your body. During type 2 diabetes, the pancreas can still produce insulin, but insulin becomes less effective and the cells fail to absorb glucose. Thus, the body becomes resistant to insulin during the prediabetes stage. Symptoms of prediabetes are increased thirst, increased hunger, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, even if eating more and frequent urination, a dark patch on the neck, armpit, groin, or elsewhere could mean that you have too much insulin in your blood, thickening skin on the fingers, toes, sudden blisters. How to diagnose prediabetes? It can be detected via blood glucose tests and HBA1C tests. Complications seen due to prediabetes: One can suffer from a stroke, eye damage, skin infections, hypertension, neuropathy, sleep apnea,  and kidney damage owing to prediabetes. This is how you can manage prediabetes: Avoid foods that are WHITE like polished rice and sugar. Go Green (include vegetables and fruits in the diet). Eat fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, pulses, and lentils. Try to chew the food thoroughly, and eat in small quantities. Cut down on alcohol, smoking, junk, spicy, oily, and canned food. Opt for non-starchy vegetables such as leafy green vegetables, onions, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, bell peppers, mushrooms, and cucumbers. Exercise daily without fail for at least half an hour, play a sport of your choice, stay stress-free, maintain optimum weight and lead a healthy life. Choose boiled and grilled food instead of fried foods. Limit the intake of sweets, desserts, and colas. Dr. Sudarshana PatilConsultant Physician Intensivist & DiabetologistWockhardt Hospitals, Nashik To book an appointment call: +918669998260 Source: https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/how-dangerous-is-it-to-ignore-borderline-sugar-that-is-prediabetes/2811083/

A child’s growth is assessed by measuring his/her weight, length (for a child up to 2 years), and height (for a child >2 years age). To know if your child is growing well, your doctor will check your child’s weight, length/height, and compare with that expected for age and gender of the child. To do this the doctor will use growth charts.  Growth Chart A growth chart is a simple graph in which your child’s body parameters are plotted at the age at which the measurement is done.  The growth chart is utilized to maintain longitudinal record of a child’s growth parameters. It helps to track the growth of children from birth through adolescence to adulthood. On the growth chart, curves of normal growth have been drawn based on measurements of thousands of normal children. As expected, there is variation in height and weight among normal children. Plotting on a growth chart helps us to decide if a child’s growth parameters fall within the normal range or not.  A healthy child will have the growth parameters [weight, length/height, and body mass index (BMI)] within the highest and the lowest curve expected for the age and sex. If a child’s parameter is above the 97th centile or below the 3rd centile line on the growth chart, it indicates that the child’s parameter is below/beyond what is seen in nearly 94% children of his/her age. These children should be evaluated for a possible growth problem. An even better assessment of your child’s growth can be made by a serial recording of growth parameters  Your doctor can also assess and plot if the child’s weight is appropriate for his height. This is done by plotting on a weight for height chart for children up to 5 years age, and on a BMI chart for older children. Dr Vishal ParmarConsultant PediatricianWockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road To book an appointment call: +918108101104

Migraine is a common disorder in children. 3.5-5% of children will experience recurrent headaches consistent with migraine. Q: What are the presentation and symptoms? Ans: The presentation is varied and varies according to patient age, as follows: Lab studies: Not indicated in Migraine but have a role in excluding other diseases. In any Headache three studies are vital. Q: What is the role of CT scan or MRI Ans: It is indicated only when the child is having an abnormal neurological examination, gaze-palsies, or examinations that suggest mass or tumor inside the cranial cavity. Q: Phases of Migraine: A migraine attack has 4 potential phases, as follows: 1. Prodrome is characterized by one or more of:- 2. Aura Only 10-20% of children with migraine experience an aura. The aura usually precedes the headache by less than 30 minutes and lasts for 5-20 minutes. Children are often unaware of their aura or are unable to describe it. Pictorial cards that illustrate typical visual auras may aid in obtaining an accurate history. Visual auras (which are often reported as moving or changing shapes) may consist of any of the following: 3. Headache Headaches can last 30 minutes to 48 hours but are usually less than 4 hours. Some young patients report headaches lasting 10-20 minutes. Childhood migraine headaches are often less severe than adult migraine headaches. During the headache phase, the migraineur may experience any of a range of associated symptoms, as follows: After the headache phase, the patient may feel either elated and energized or, more typically, exhausted and lethargic. This stage of migraine may last from hours to days. Q: How to treat? Ans: The first step in migraine treatment is to explain the disease to the child and the parents. The patient and parents benefit from a simple explanation of the headache pain and reassurance that it is not caused by a brain tumor or other life-threatening condition. A regular bedtime, strict meal schedules, and avoidance of overloading the child’s schedule with activities. Eliminating precipitating triggers reduces the frequency of headaches in some patients. A headache diary can be used to record unique triggers and features of the attack. During the attack, advise the child to lie down in a cool, dark, quiet room and go to sleep at the time of the attack. Sleep is the most potent antimigraine treatment. During a migrainous attack, a child commonly can be found resting in the fetal position with the affected side of the head down. Children should be given simple analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. They should be taught to “give in” to their headache because the activity will probably aggravate their pain Other Medicines: There is a lot I am not discussing here because they must be started after consultation. Parents are to make a follow-up appointment with a doctor if the headaches worsen, if they do not respond to medications, or if adverse effects are intolerable. Several medication trials often are necessary before adequate headache control is achieved. Patients should have realistic expectations; while pharmacotherapy lessens the impact of migraine, it does not eliminate the cause which must be identified and treated accordingly. By Dr. Virender Verma Consultant Neonatologist Wockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road

Is your toddler jealous of your new baby? Sibling jealousy is common and it can be really worrying and difficult to deal with. But here’s how you can handle it. “It’s just not fair!” “You only take care of the little kid and not me.” “Mom, tell us whom you love more between us?” Have you come across such questions from your kids lately? If so, you are struggling with sibling jealousy and we can feel your pain. The jealousy between children can be because of a new sibling in the family or can occur at any point in time due to several factors. But being a mother seeing your kids getting jealous of each other or fighting all the time can be really overwhelming. Sometimes, jealousy is normal among kids but the problem is when this jealousy does not end even after a long time. Handling toddler jealousy with each other can be different because toddlers aren’t exactly known for their understanding nature. So, when they get jealous or feel uncomfortable with any situation, it’s common for them to act out and fight for your attention. So what exactly does toddler jealousy entail and how should you handle it? Before you go any further, understand why creating positive sibling relationships is important? Humans are social by nature and family is an integral part of our upbringing. Family relationships have a deep influence on our cognition and behavior. Dr. Sonal Anand, Psychiatrist, Wockhardt Hospital, Mira Road, tells HealthShots, “Many a time, sibling proximity is more intense than parent-child proximity, leading to easy sharing of emotions and feelings. So many times, it is easier to open up to a sibling rather than a parent. But it’s really important that this sibling relationship be healthy and comfortable.” “Negativity from sibling relationships can have a lasting effect on the psyche and confidence levels as well. Bullying by the elder sibling or abuse in any form can have a devastating effect on young minds. Younger ones usually copy the behavior of elder siblings.” Healthy sibling relationships are important for developing compassion, the right attitude towards struggles and social behaviours. Having a sibling helps younger children to stay away from negative notions regarding self and stay away from isolation.  Parenting tips for dealing with a sibling jealousy You should prepare yourself in advance to deal with some possible sibling jealousy. Even if your older kids aren’t outwardly expressing signs of jealousy, it is good to help them feel loved and supported while they adjust to the new family dynamic with the baby. So how can you deal with it and help your kids to make things better between them? The following tips will help you handle jealousy in a way that encourages trust and respect rather than resentment. No parent is perfect, but planning for jealousy in advance improves your chances of succeeding. Follow these tips suggested by Dr Anand: 1. Stay calm Start by remaining calm and positive when your kids display signs of jealousy. Remaining positive means that you don’t scold and criticize the jealous child. You need to handle this situation with your love and kindness.  2. Each child is important Parents must remember that each child is special and different in their own way. Comparing children with each other must be avoided.  3. Spend some time with your kids separately Giving each child individual time (even if it is short) can make a difference on the way the child perceives the sibling.  4. Planning Some individual activities should be planned in the week along with family activities. 5. Listen to complaints and respond Sometimes, one child may require more attention than the other. This can be a difficult situation and must be dealt with patience and warmth. But never ignore what your kid is saying, always listen and respond patiently.  6. Make special efforts It is important to make the other kid realise the situation and make up for it by giving some special time to him/ her. 7. Get help from your family Extended family/ trusted friends can help here.  8. Don’t push your child to express their feelings The mother needs to keep emphasising that all her children are important even though one may require more attention at some particular point to express themselves. Simply create a safe place and then talk. 9. Games Family games where the siblings pair up as one team can help in establishing a special bond between them. 10. Spend time together Having collective reading time or music time also helps. 11. Reward when they adjust If you shouldn’t penalize your child’s jealousy, turn it around by rewarding your child for showing love and care for the younger ones. Praise them for being a good big brother or sister.  Don’t get insane over sibling jealousy. This is a phase of life that most parents experience. The best part is, you can help your child to overcome this with your love and attention. Source: https://www.healthshots.com/mom-says/sibling-jealousy-tips-to-handle-jealousy-between-kids/

Do Parents Know What Their Children Are Up To And What They Can Do Better? Parents are Boomers. Kids are Zoomers. With the kicky feeding frenzy that social media, its spin-offs, and peer pools are shaking up today, the mutual trust within la Familia is tottering on the stilts of young adult secrets. Admit it. There was a certain degree of power Boomers wielded in the kid domain when the now-juniors were toddlers. Not anymore. A surreal climate change has been happening through remote learning. With millions of online-spending-time tykes turning Kidults, and sharenting and conscious uncoupling becoming the norm, the relationship between parents and children is oscillating sharply. From warfare narrative to an I-spy commando course to clueless parental presence, it’s all out there. The recent developments in Aryan Khan’s life sharply spotlight the vital question which has been hovering and humming like a background score in everyone’s subconscious: Do parents really know what their kids are doing? Despite being a single divorcee parent, Delhi-based entrepreneur Shikha Sharma* gave it all to raising her daughter Ananya—the best of education, life experiences, and value systems. She firmly believed that her intelligent always-top-of-the-class kid was different from the wayward children of her friends. Eighteen-year-old Ananya*, to all outward appearances, was the rare teenager with a single-minded focus on studies and getting a seat in an Ivy League college. No distractions for her—no partying (raves, absolutely not) or demanding boyfriends. One day Sharma returned home a day earlier than scheduled from a work trip and walked into her daughter’s room to a shocking sight: Ananya was on a video call with three other girls—all masked and each one naked to the bone—pleasuring herself. Sharma went ballistic when she realized that she had walked in on a virtual act of communal yet anonymous sex. Later, even with counseling, she found it difficult to come to terms with the fact that her understanding of her own child was so incomplete. Then there is Prithvi Goel*, a young boy who meets girls through dating apps. Since he lived with his parents and grandfather, he would never bring them home. One night, however, when there was no other place to go, he sneaked his date into his room at 1:30 am and he shuffled her out four hours later. When he woke up around lunchtime, feeling rather clever about his escapade, his 87-year-old grandfather smirked, “Did you have fun?” Embarrassed at first, he soon joined his grandfather’s guffaw, realizing that the secrecy had been unnecessary. “Parents are humans too. In the dynamic world, we live in, we don’t know what we are doing ourselves. Hence, it’s silly to assume that we’d know what our kids are doing all the time. Of course, we like to believe that we do, it gives us a pretext of being a ‘concerned and responsible parent, but the truth is far from it,” says Arouba Kabir, Gurugram-based mental health counselor and founder, Enso Wellness, adding, “The story with young adults is like a thriller with new twists and turns every day —hormonal swings, making new friends and relationships, developing curiosity towards unexplored spheres of life and so on. It is also the time when the sense of ‘being an adult’ sets in their mind, and at this vital point, your relationship with your child is put to the litmus test.” THE TRAGEDY OF UNBELONGING Like Ananya, 15-year-old Ankita Dua*, daughter of a bank employee and a schoolteacher, was on track to becoming the head girl of a prominent Mumbai school. She had friends with rich parents but could not afford their lavish lifestyles. When an end-of-year ‘conti-party’ (teen slang for the continuation of the school farewell celebrations) was around the corner, her tony friends bought matching designer dresses, the price tags equal to her father’s salary for three months. Desperately wishing to keep up with the ‘It’ crowd but too embarrassed to ask her parents, Ankita saw an opportunity when the class teacher absentmindedly left her solitaire engagement ring on the table in the classroom. Unmindful of CCTV cameras, Ankita stole it with the intention of hawking it at a pawn shop her mother went to when money was short. The desperate teen was caught and immediately suspended from school. Worse, she was humiliated in front of her friends with whom she wanted to ‘belong’ by committing the crime. Her middle-class parents, too ashamed to deal with the fallout, quietly packed her off to Indore to live with her grandparents. There is no class distinction when it comes to teen behavior. In what he jokingly terms the ‘Bareilly Ki Barfi Syndrome’, Feisal Alkazi, theatre personality, educationist, activist, and counselor for 40 years with NGO Sanjivini, observes that when young people land in Delhi from satellite towns like Meerut, Alwar, Bareilly, etc, they get enormous culture shock. Arriving from modest backgrounds, with nose-to-the-grindstone upbringings, they secure seats in the city’s top colleges and move into paying guest accommodations. Here, they begin to interact with city girls and boys whose lifestyle is absolutely alien to them; expensive makeup, big cars, wild parties, and general freedom of thought and action. They start believing they must assimilate to gain the acceptance of this trendy crowd. Soon, they are going to or having parties, and use dating apps like Tinder, Bumble, and Hinge for instant gratification. “A young girl was consulting me for her depression. One morning, she came in and said, ‘Today is a great morning because 12 guys swiped right’. She was thrilled. Many first-time couples who meet online have shared with him that they end up having sex on the first date itself. Such situations make it impossible for such young adults to bridge the gap between where they come from and who they want to be. They start lying to their parents and lose respect for them. They go back home for holidays only to be badgered with traditional concerns like marriage. They’re not ready to settle down after having dozen-odd casual

Monsoon, which brings respite from the sweltering summer heat, can also lead to numerous health issues in children. Experts say that the sudden drop in temperature, higher humidity, and stagnant water after rains lead to various air, water, and mosquito-borne illnesses, which affect children of all ages. “Dengue, malaria, and chikungunya are associated with high fever, severe body pain, rashes, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Severe symptoms like abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, lethargy, and bleeding in dengue cases require immediate medical attention,” said Dr. Prashant Moralwar, consultant pediatrician, Motherhood Hospital Kharghar. Worm infestations can also occur due to contaminated food and water. “These food and water-borne diseases also cause dehydration in infants and toddlers,” added Dr. Moralwar. Symptoms Monsoon illnesses in Children Common cold and flu are accompanied by fatigue, fever, and body ache and generally last for less than a week. “A child who is down with flu should be given warm liquids like soup and should rest enough. He/she should not come in close contact with other children. Washing hands frequently and covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing is the need of the hour. Allergies and asthmatic conditions trigger in children due to increased humidity, fungus growth, and pollen in the environment,” he explained. Treatment For Monsoon illnesses in Children It is imperative to consult a pediatrician for timely intervention. Treatment is adequate fluid intake and rest. ORS and other liquids like dal water, buttermilk can also be advised to children. Prevention For Monsoon illnesses in Children Experts say that parents or guardians should take adequate preventive measures, including diet and sanitary habits. “Ensure a diet loaded with fruits, milk, eggs, and nuts to enhance the child’s immunity. Fruits and vegetables should be washed properly before eating. Drinking water should be boiled or RO/UV. Avoid spicy and sugary foods, especially street food, and stick to home-cooked food. Make sure your child washes his/her hands before eating and after using the toilet. A warm shower after getting drenched in the rain can help the child get rid of germs. Avoid visiting crowded places to reduce the risk of viral infections. Do not touch your nose and mouth with your hand without washing them,” said Dr. Ankit Gupta, lead pediatric critical care specialist, Wockhardt Hospital Mira Road. Some other preventive measures include: Making sure the child wears full-sleeved clothes while stepping out Using mosquito repellents and sprays to prevent bites Wearing proper footwear in rains and washing feet after walking in flooded areas. Regularly washing and changing bed sheets, blankets, and other household items to prevent allergens. “Dengue mosquitoes breed in stagnated clear water so ensure water doesn’t accumulate in coolers, flower pots, or near the house. Consult a pediatrician in case your child has symptoms like vomiting, lethargy, abdominal pain, or decreased urine frequency. Vaccination is recommended against flu,” Dr. Gupta noted. Source: http://www.journeyline.in/newsdet.aspx?q=224714

A recent case of Kawasaki disease was treated successfully by Dr Ankit Gupta, a Paediatrician at Wockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road. The 8 month year old child presented with all the symptoms of the disease as well as complication of the heart arteries, a common occurrence of the disease. With accurate medical diagnosis and treatment, Dr Ankit Gupta along with the supportive care given by paediatric ICU department, saved the child’s life. Let’s learn more about this disease: What is Kawasaki disease? Kawasaki disease is an illness that involves the skin, mouth, and lymph nodes, and most often affects kids under age 5. The cause is unknown but with early diagnosis the disease can fully treated and child can recover within a few days. Untreated, it can lead to serious complications that can affect the heart. Kawasaki disease is most common among children of Japanese and Korean descent, but can affect all ethnic groups. What are the Signs and Symptoms? Kawasaki disease has symptoms and signs that appear in phases. The first phase: Last for up to 2 weeks, usually involves a fever that lasts for at least 5 days. Other symptoms include: The second phase, which usually begins within 2 weeks Child continues with fever, the skin on the hands and feet may begin to peel in large pieces. A child also may have joint pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. What are the complications of the disease? Doctors can manage the symptoms of Kawasaki disease if it’s caught early. Most kids will feel better within 2 days of starting treatment. If Kawasaki disease is treated within 10 days of the start of symptoms, heart disease can be prevented. Untreated cases can lead to more serious complications, such as vasculitis, an inflammation of the blood vessels. This can be particularly dangerous because it can affect the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. Besides the coronary arteries, the heart muscle, lining, valves, and the outer membrane around the heart can become inflamed. Arrhythmias (changes in the normal pattern of the heartbeat) or abnormal functioning of some heart valves also can occur. What is the treatment and prognosis? Treatment should start as soon as possible, ideally within 10 days of when the fever begins. Usually, a child is treated with intravenous (IV) doses of gamma globulin (purified antibodies), an ingredient of blood that helps the body fight infection. Most children with Kawasaki disease start to get much better after a single treatment with gamma globulin, though sometimes more doses are needed. A child also might be given a high dose of aspirin to lower the risk of heart problems. Most kids recover completely, but those who develop heart problems after Kawasaki disease might need more testing and treatments with a cardiologist. To know about the disease, or if the child is presenting with above signs and symptom please visit our paediatric department at Wockhardt hospital for further management.

Myocardial Infarct (MI) or heart attack causes three major types of mechanical complications that mostly result in death of the patient, if not corrected in time surgically. One of the most major complications and increase in mortality occurs in ventricular septal rupture cases. A few years back, the mortality rate with surgical intervention to repair this was as high has 70-80% but it has now decreased to 50% or less thanks to double patch repair technique or Myocardial Infarct Exclusion Technique. In fact, even in countries like USA, death with VSR repair is 50%. Most doctors there don’t even take such patients for surgery. Wockhardt Hospitals, Nagpur, has kept pace with the developments in cardiac surgery in India and ICU facilities. Dr Saurabh Varshney, a young cardiac surgeon of city, has done five cases of VSR repair (all above 60 years of age) in different hospitals using the new technique of double patch repair technique in the last one year. Four of his patients have survived major heart attacks and are on regular follow up. This technique (of Japanese origin) involves recreating the wall that separates the right and left ventricle using an artificial material called Dacron. The main skill of surgeon lies in suturing the wall with heart muscles. Due to Myocardial Infarct, these muscles tear and are difficult to suture. In earlier practices only one Dacron patch was used. With, the new technique of using two patches on the walls between the two chambers in the heart, the survival rate of the patient has increased drastically. Dr K Jayaprasanna, cardiac surgeon at Wockhardt Hospitals, also said in as an emergency surgery this technique had only 50% survival rate. It worked better in haemodynamically stable patients and patients without any associated complications. “There are three types of ruptures— the mid-muscular rupture, the apical rupture and the inferior valve rupture. Results are best in apical rupture while chances of survival are 50% in mid-muscular rupture and minimum in inferior valve rupture as the right ventricle is badly deranged in this condition. Suturing is very difficult in VSR. The sutures break up very fast. It requires extremely skilled hand to do this surgery,” he said. It is important to understand the condition of the patient as well as the renal status of the patient to undergo this procedure. Wockhardt Hospitals Nagpur Cardiac Services: The Wockhardt Hospitals Nagpur is a premium cardiac centre providing state-of-the-art cardiac care to heart patients to lead longer, healthier lives keeping in with brand….Life Wins. The hospital is a 50 bedded fully equipped heart care centre with 10 bedded ICU and 8 CICU to treat and manage critical cardiac patients on emergency basis or post operatively and 3 tier patient management protocols. It has a Hi tech fully emergency medically equipped and ambulance services. At Nagpur we have created a the niche paradigm of specialised procedures in Interventional Cardiology ,Non-invasive cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery & Cardiovascular Surgery and Paediatric surgeries to name a few. Being a premium cardiac hospital it is fully integrated to perform cardiac surgery and catheterisation procedures. The centre is proud of its successful cases in cardiovascular surgeries namely angioplasty and angiography, valvular replacement procedures, pacemaker implants and open heart surgery and paediatric surgeries.

School age is the perfect time for children to learn about healthy food, bodies and activity. Children need a wide variety of foods for a well-balanced diet. The amount of physical activity they have in a day will be an important part of how much they need to eat. When children are busy and active, snacking is important to keep energy levels high. Decline in physical activity, coupled with eating too much, too often is the simple explanation for the rise in childhood obesity. Prevention is easier than cure, so here so it is important to inculcate correct eating habits to you raise healthy children, for life. Healthful eating has many benefits for children such as: Some helpful tips those are essential: For further advice on nutrition for children contact our Paediatric and Neonatology services at Wockhardt Hospital.

Paediatrics Is a specialty that diagnosis and treats ailments in children. The specialty covers all aspects in child from monitoring growth, vaccination, and treatment of general diseases to specific ones. Paediatrics and Neonatology: Paediatrics is a medical specialty that manages medical conditions affecting babies, children and young people. Neonatology is a subspecialty of paediatrics that consists of the medical care of new-born infants, especially the ill or premature new-born infant. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Wockhardt Hospital is well equipped with all types of neonatal and paediatric emergencies. Working with subspecialists in other fields, such as cardiology and pulmonology, our team of experts treats infants suffering from a variety of health conditions, diagnosing conditions at birth is very crucial for wellbeing of the infant and further management. We believe that neonatal care should start from foetal life. Paediatric department has well equipped NICU & PICU with round the clock paediatrician and neonatologist available for 24hrs NICU. Our team of well qualified Neonatologist, round-the-clock Neonatal Intensivists and specially trained Neonatology Nurses strive hard to provide the best treatment to all neonates. Nowadays Paediatrics in itself is divided into various specialities: General Paediatric Services: Paediatric Medicine: What are the Various Diseases that it Covers? Spectrum of Services as per sub specialities include: Paediatric Medicine: Paediatric Cardiology: The paediatric cardiology provides a complete spectrum of medical and surgical services and aims to provide care for children in a child-friendly environment. Paediatric Surgery: Deals with a wide range of surgical procedures required in children and focuses on the unique physiology and anatomy of the young patient, including newborn surgery, correction and treatment of various congenital anomalies and care of the child with accidental trauma. Common paediatric diseases that may require paediatric surgery include: Paediatric Neurology: Offers evaluation and management of children with diseases affecting nervous system and muscles, epilepsy, headaches and more : Paediatric Ophthalmology: is a sub-speciality of ophthalmology concerned with eye diseases, visual development, and vision care in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists focus on the development of the visual system and the various diseases that disrupt visual development in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists also have expertise in managing the various ocular diseases that affect children. Conditions include: Paediatric ophthalmologists are specially trained to manage the following disorders: Paediatrics Orthopaedics and Rheumatology: A Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon is dedicated to the care of musculoskeletal problems in children and adolescents.. Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery is a valuable and powerful tool in the rehabilitation armamentarium for improving musculoskeletal function in several childhood disorders. Disorders treated: Paediatric haematology: Investigations and advise all blood disorders, including challenging diagnostic or therapeutic problems. Provides  services for transfusion, infusion, chemotherapy as well as day care procedure. Paediatric Neonatology: A neonatologist treats the following conditions that may arise after delivery of a new born: Generally neonates are kept in a NICU which is fully equipped. A NICU is equipped with  incubators including transport incubators, invasive and non-invasive ventilators, high frequency ventilator, phototherapy units, bili-blankets, multipara monitors, invasive blood pressure monitors, etc. to The NICU provides: