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Knee pain makes routine activities such as climbing stairs, walking to the grocery store, and rising from a seated position more difficult. In most cases, if the patient has tried all forms of treatment (medications, physical therapy, etc.), they may reach a point where total knee replacement may be appropriate. But where does a robot fit into the picture? A robotic knee replacement involves two things: the skill of an experienced orthopedic surgeon and advanced computer technology. The robot does not replace the surgeon. Instead, it assists the surgeon in planning and performing the procedure with greater accuracy. Let’s get a clearer picture of all aspects of robotic knee replacement surgery in this guide. What is Robotic Knee Replacement? Robotic knee replacement is a form of knee replacement in which the surgeon uses an operative robotic-assisted device to plan and execute bone preparation and placement of the artificial joint components. Before the surgical intervention, one or more imaging modalities (such as CT scans) are used to generate a three-dimensional model of the patient’s knee. The personalized preoperative plan is always based on the individual anatomical features of the patient. During the surgical procedure, the operative robotic-assistance system provides the surgeon with real-time positional feedback from the previously generated plan.  In addition, it provides the surgeon with a mechanical means of making controlled bone cuts and aligning the prosthesis components within the knee according to the parameters established by the original plan. The important point to remember is simple: the robot assists, but the surgeon remains in control. What Exactly Does the Robot Do During Surgery? The first thing that most people think when they hear robotic knee replacement surgery is that a robot will do all the work by itself.  Modern robotic joint replacement surgery does not function like this. Instead, this assistive technology functions as an extremely sophisticated operating room assistant. Here is typically how the technology assists in performing surgery: Helps to Develop a Customized Pre-Surgical Plan No two knees are alike. Each knee has unique characteristics, such as shape and structure, misalignment or other issues with the bones, and the level of damage to the joint or soft tissues (tendons, ligaments), etc.  The robotic system can assist the surgeon in developing a three-dimensional model of the knee using these anatomically specific characteristics and then utilize this model to plan: Amount of bone to be removed. Amount of preservation of existing bone.  Positioning/Alignment of the prosthetic.  Balance of the knee. Appropriate size for prosthetics. This allows the surgical plan to be tailored to the patient’s individual anatomy. It Guides the Surgeon During Bone Preparation The surgical robotic system assists the surgeon by providing a visual guide during robotic knee replacement surgery. Depending on the specific type of surgical robotic system used, the system may allow the surgeon to remain within the lines established during the preoperative planning phase. This robotic assistance can also be especially beneficial in preparing areas of the knee where damage has occurred before placing the artificial joint (implant). It Supports Accurate Implant Positioning Positioning implants for knee replacement is important to develop a functional, well-balanced knee with proper movement and correct alignment. A robot may assist the surgeon in placing the implant in the location planned by the surgeon. The Surgeon Makes the Decisions This may be the one point that is most important for a patient to understand. The robot will not make an independent decision as to how it will perform. The robot will not replace your orthopedic surgeon’s clinical judgment or experience. The surgeon is in complete control of the robotic joint replacement surgery. They will determine all options for the case and have final responsibility for decisions regarding robotic knee replacement. Robotic vs Manual Knee Replacement: What is the Difference? Both traditional and technologically advanced (robotic) methods are used to relieve pain in patients with a damaged joint, regain lost mobility, and restore the ability to use the knee normally.  The primary difference between these two methodologies is based upon the technology used to plan, direct, and execute the various components of a robotically assisted total knee arthroplasty.  Feature Robotic Knee Replacement Manual Knee Replacement Surgical control The surgeon remains in control with robotic assistance. The surgeon performs the procedure using conventional instruments. Planning Uses computer-assisted 3D planning. Uses conventional imaging and surgical planning. Bone preparation Robotic guidance can assist with planned bone cuts. Performed using conventional surgical instruments. Implant positioning Uses computer-assisted planning and guidance. Based on conventional surgical techniques and instruments. Personalization Planning can be tailored to individual anatomy. Personalized planning is also possible through conventional methods. Technology Uses robotic-assisted technology. Uses traditional surgical instruments. Surgeon’s role The surgeon remains essential throughout the robotic joint replacement surgery. The surgeon remains essential throughout the robotic knee replacement surgery. It is important not to assume one approach is automatically better for every patient. The most appropriate method is based upon that patient’s unique medical history, anatomical considerations, goals of the procedure, and, ultimately, the surgeon’s own judgment. How Does Manual Knee Replacement Work? Traditional knee replacement surgery uses the following elements: Preoperative images Intraoperative measurements Specialty instruments The surgeon’s clinical expertise It involves preparing the damaged knee area and positioning the implant components according to the established plan. Manual knee replacement has also evolved into an advanced surgical technique. As such, experienced orthopedic surgeons now commonly perform this procedure on appropriately selected patients, achieving superior results. The main difference is that robotic-assisted procedures add computer-based planning and robotic guidance to selected parts of the operation. Is Robotic Surgery More Precise? Robotic technology for knee replacements provides an extremely high degree of accuracy and detail in both visualization of the knee’s anatomy and the precision with which surgical instruments are manipulated.  Additionally, the robotic system can assist the surgeon with accurate placement of implants (such as the prosthesis) and accurately prepare the bone for the implant. Accuracy does not equate to perfection. Many factors affect recovery from a total knee

You will find lipids in the human body which are usually formed from fatty acids and other chemicals. They generally constitute the cell membranes and hormones and act as an energy reserve within the body. That makes one thing clear: lipids are necessary for the normal functioning of your body. However, an excess of lipids, especially the harmful ones, can prove to be harmful and affect your heart health. Since the body produces several of them, the best way to detect the negative ones is by doing a lipid profile test. Sometimes, it is also called a lipid panel. In this guide, we will discuss what a lipid profile test means, its purpose, and what the results imply for the person in question. What is a Lipid Profile Test, and What Are the Parameters it Measures? A lipid profile test is a blood test  that measures the total number of lipids circulating within the bloodstream of a human body. The test helps evaluate your cholesterol normal range, triglycerides, and the entire lipid profile.  Now, let’s check out the parameters measured by the test that also indicate your overall cardiovascular health. Total Cholesterol: It refers to the sum of an individual’s low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels that usually constitute their cholesterol types in the body.             LDL: This is the bad cholesterol and its increased accumulation in the body can lead to cardiovascular                         diseases.             HDL: This is good cholesterol and helps reduce the accumulation of bad cholesterol in the body. Triglycerides: This is a specific type of fat that is generally derived from the food items that people consume. High triglyceride levels often indicate underlying pancreatic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. What is a Lipid Profile Test Used For? The primary purpose of a lipid profile test is to determine various medical conditions and monitor a person’s cardiovascular health. You may call it a cholesterol test also because it checks both the LDL and HDL levels in the body. There are almost minimal symptoms of high cholesterol in the body, so a lipid panel is the best way to detect the elevated lipid levels early that could impact cardiovascular health negatively. Doctors usually recommend doing lipid tests for the following reasons: A routine checkup for checking whether the individual’s cholesterol levels are normal or show high, low, or moderate risk categories. Regular monitoring for people whose cholesterol levels seem abnormal in one of their previous tests. This also applies if the person shows additional factors related to rheumatic heart diseases. Track how the human body is responding to different types of treatments for various diseases. Help with the identification of medical conditions like liver diseases. Who Actually Needs a Lipid Test? Individuals between the ages 45 and 65 should get a lipid profile test done every 2-3 years, and every year after the same. A lipid panel is necessary for those who also indulge in the following activities: Smoke cigarettes. Are obese or overweight. Do not engage in physical activities. Have diabetes or prediabetes. Have high blood pressure issues. Have a first-degree relative who experienced early-onset heart disease. A lipid profile test may also be performed on children who have higher cholesterol levels. These are generally influenced by the following factors: diet, heredity, and obesity.  Lipid Profile Test: A Step-by-Step Process The procedures associated with a lipid profile test may seem complex but can be understood well if we divide them into the following steps: Step 1: Preparation The individual must fast for at least 9-12 hours before they get ready for the lipid profile test. That means they cannot consume any food items or water. They must also inform the healthcare provider about any existing medications or supplements they have been taking for a long period of time. Step 2: Sample Collection A healthcare professional will collect the blood sample from the vein of the individual’s arm using a syringe or needle. Sometimes, they may also use a vacutainer. Step 3: Sample Processing The blood sample is eventually transferred to a vial or test tube. The latter already includes an anticoagulant to prevent any type of clotting. Step 4: Result Analysis Professionals generally use manual or automated techniques to analyze the separated serum or plasma in a laboratory. This involves measuring various cholesterol levels and triglycerides. Step 5: Interpretation The results are generally compared with the overall cholesterol normal range to ensure everything is fine. They are mostly reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L) for every lipid profile. Step 6: Consultation The lipid profile test is sent back to the doctor, generally a cardiologist, who discusses the results with the patient in question. The doctor then recommends medications or lifestyle changes to the patient based on the same results. This can easily help manage their respective lipid levels and cardiovascular issues. Step 7: Follow-up Individuals who have abnormal lipid levels may also need regular monitoring and follow-up tests. This will help analyze the effectiveness of the respective treatment types and make adjustments to them as needed. How is the Lipid Profile Test Performed in a Lab? The lipid panel begins with the lab worker wrapping an elastic band around the individual’s upper arm. Then, they are instructed to make a fist so that the veins are visible. The person also cleans the skin around the veins to avoid infection. That is done before the needle is inserted into it. The worker draws the blood with a syringe and sends the sample to the lab for analysis. The lipid panel process usually takes around 5 minutes, and the results are usually sent in 1-2 days. What’s a Normal Range? Type of Cholesterol Reference Range Borderline High Total Cholesterol <200 mg/dL 200 – 239 mg/dL Above 240 mg/dL Low-Density Cholesterol (LDL) <100 mg/dL 101- 159 mg/dL Above 160 mg/dL High-Density Cholesterol

In an endeavour to provide the new mothers with a bout of fun activities, a city hospital has taken a unique initiative by organizing a fun-filled day. The celebration took place in the hospital and saw participation from almost 50 new moms who shared their experiences of motherhood. This event aimed to appreciate all mothers and allow them to de-stress, relax and take a break from their hectic schedules. Doctors supported at the event were Dr Mangala Patil, Gynaecologist, Dr Vishal Parma, Paediatrician, Dr Mayola Dsouza and Dr Amit Shah. The city hospital pledged to honour mothers by giving them the gift of health and by organizing an event to mark Mother’s Day. Dr Amit Shah, Consultant Child Psychologist, Wockhardt Hospitals, , Mira Road said, “A mother plays so many pivotal roles. She is a manager of the family, a teacher for her children, a nurse for family members, a good chef, and even a counsellor. She discharges all her responsibilities with hard work, dedication, and honesty. The event was conducted at the hospital to applaud the spirit of such inspiring women. The event also helped the new mothers and their family members to interact with the experts and clear all their doubts regarding parenting. Nowadays, many new mothers are from nuclear families and have questions regarding nursing the baby, the right kind of nutrition, or how to manage the baby. The highlighted the challenges faced by women during and after pregnancy and showcase the magical bond between a mother and a child. So, educative sessions were conducted by the experts. They were explained how to cope with the challenges of motherhood. Many new mothers who came along with their husbands and babies shared their experiences which were helpful for other mothers attending the event.” Dr Mayola D’Souza, Consultant physiotherapist said, “The event started with refreshments and witnessed a number of interesting activities like dancing, exercises, photographs at the selfie-booth, cake-cutting, and enjoying the day. Mothers wrote messages on the board regarding their wishes when it comes to themselves or their babies or about the event or even the treatment provided at the hospital. Women poured out their heart-touching experiences. We aim to give holistic care to each and every mother. It was a proud moment for us as we were able to conduct Mother’s Day activity and give them some moments to cherish. At the end of the event, after snacks, all the mothers were gifted a Tulsi (basil) plant which is a symbol of good health to appreciate their time and valuable presence. We also urged all the mothers to take care of themselves too along with their babies.” “My experience with Wockhardt Hospitals in Mira Road during pregnancy has been great always. The hospital is committed to providing uninterrupted services to patients. This event was fun and energetic. We are thankful to doctors for sharing vital tips regarding baby care. I look forward to attending more such lovely events in the near future and am delighted to be a part of the hospital as it is just like a family for all of us,” concluded Sheetal Shah, a newly mother. For an appointment call: +918108101104 Source: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/around-50-new-moms-share-their-motherhood-experiences-at-a-special-event-in-the-city/articleshow/91466458.cms

Pregnancy – is a boon from God to every woman and it’s a wonderful time in her life. Great care should be taken of the pregnant women during pregnancy so that this journey of pregnancy ends on a happy and safe note. While the period of pregnancy seems pleasant, there are also some potential complications during this time. According to a statistic, as many as 44% of pregnant women in India experience unexpected complications during their pregnancy. Why does this happen? I will tell you how you can move towards a safe delivery by recognizing the red flag signs during pregnancy and how to get these ailments treated on time. Now you may be wondering how to identify a high-risk pregnancy, a pregnant woman who has some kind of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes are at risk of potential complications. Along with this, we call a pregnancy as high risk when it is a pregnancy of women who have had an IVF and women who are about to have twins or triplets. At the same time, if the pregnancy shows any signs & symptoms such as sudden bleeding, sudden loss of consciousness, excessive pain, no or very fewer movements of the baby in the womb, then the pregnant woman needs to be attended by an Obstetrician immediately at a hospital. Women who are at risk of such complications should seek regular checkups from an Obstetrician at a hospital that provides comprehensive treatment & care. Infrastructural support needed to handle such cases of high-risk pregnancy requires facilities like Sonography (USG), well equipped Operation Theater, 24 x 7 availability of Obstetrician & dedicated nurses, a separate Intensive Care unit for the Newborn (NICU), and 24-hour availability of Anesthetist, Pediatrician, Cardiologist, Nephrologist and Intensivist, etc. Such a hospital where all these basic facilities are available for handling a high-risk pregnancy will help you to have a safe & comfortable delivery experience. Last but not least, identify the red flag signs during pregnancy, give the doctor a complete idea about your medical history, take your prescribed medications on time, get regular check-ups done and follow the prescribed instructions by your doctor. Adherence to these instructions will surely make your pregnancy experience a pleasant one! Dr. Shraddha SabnisDGO, DNB (OBGY), FMASConsultant – Obstetrics & GynecologyWockhardt Hospitals, Nashik