Tongue Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment & Surgery
Tongue cancer is a form of cancer forming in the tongue and forms a part of head and neck cancer. The tongue begins at the base of the throat and extends into the mouth. It is composed of muscles and nerves that control movements and also aids in function, such as taste, speaking, eating, and swallowing. Cancer in the tongue can start in the mouth or in the throat that spreads to the tongue. This can look like spots or it can be in the form of lumps which don’t go away. Diagnosis of Tongue Cancer Tongue cancer can be diagnosed by a doctor or dentist even before the symptoms appear. When the symptoms of tongue cancer appear, visiting a doctor may be beneficial to diagnose it or rule it out as early as possible. The doctor may perform a physical examination of the tongue and ask for the symptoms and medical history. Possible diagnostic tests for tongue cancer may include the following. Treatment of Tongue Cancer Tongue cancer treatment depends upon the position and size of the affected area. Tongue cancer surgery is often the best treatment for tongue cancer. Sometimes, the lymph nodes may also get affected if the cancer metastasises (spreads) and they may be removed during surgery. Other tongue cancer treatment modalities include: Using powerful energy beams to destroy cancer cells is the working principle of radiation therapy. It can be done by X-rays, protons or other sources. Beams of energy directed at the specific regions containing the cancer cells are destroyed by these beams. Chemotherapy employs chemotherapy drugs, which are medicines to destroy cancer cells. It may be used before or after surgery to control the growth of cancer cells or to destroy any remaining cells. It may also be used along with radiation therapy. Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment modality that helps to strengthen the body’s own immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. Targeted therapy makes use of certain medicines to target specific chemicals in the cancer cells. When these chemicals are blocked, cancer cells may die. Targeted therapy may also be used if tongue cancer comes back. Preventing Tongue Cancer Tongue cancer may be prevented by taking proper care of the mouth, teeth and tongue, and taking precautions to reduce the risk of tongue cancer. Conclusion Early diagnosis of tongue cancer leads to better outcomes of any form of cancer treatment. In most cases, tongue cancer surgery may be enough but advanced stages of tongue cancer may require additional treatment such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Get check-up facilities and oncological consultation with the top Oncologists of India at the best tongue cancer treatment hospital in India, Wockhardt Hospitals. Book your appointment today and get a quote for an affordable tongue cancer treatment cost. FAQs on Tongue Cancer Treatment in India Q. What is Oral cancer? Cancer that affects the part of the tongue that sticks out is called oral cancer. This can cause symptoms almost immediately and can be detected easily by a doctor or dentist. Q. What is Oropharyngeal cancer? This type of cancer begins in the base of the tongue and is typically only detected after it has spread, before symptoms become apparent. Q. What is the main cause of oral cancer? There are several factors that might lead to cancer, but smoking and binge drinking are the most prevalent ones. Although the actual origin of the majority of oral cancers is unclear, lifestyle choices are considered to be the primary factor.
Uterine Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment & Surgery
Uterine cancer is a general term that describes cancer of the parts or organs pertaining to the female reproductive system. These parts or organs include the endometrium lining, the uterus, and the cervix. The uterus is a part of the female reproductive system responsible for foetal development during pregnancy, while the endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus that sheds during menstruation and undergoes changes during the menstrual cycle. The cervix is the connecting region of the uterus to the vagina. Cancer in these structures occurs due to changes in the cells of the reproductive system. These cells grow into masses known as tumours. Treatment for cancer in these structures depends on the type, location, size, and extent of the cancer. Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer If there are any noticeable signs and symptoms of uterine cancer, such as vaginal bleeding or spotting between periods or after menopause, lower abdominal pain or cramps, or thin, white discharge after menopause, consulting a doctor may be beneficial to diagnose or rule out chances of uterine cancer. Uterine cancer diagnosis may be initially performed by a physician or primary care doctor who may ask about the symptoms, medical and family history of the patient. They may also perform a physical and pelvic examination. They may also recommend additional confirmatory diagnostic tests for uterine cancer. Screening Tests for Uterine Cancer The tests which may be used for diagnosing or ruling out suspected uterine cancer may include the following: Blood Test A CA-125 assay may be recommended as a marker test for certain cancers. This test measures the amount of CA-125 in the blood, which is a protein. Having more than a certain amount of this protein may be indicative of cancer. CT Scan Computed Tomography or CT scans provide a comprehensive imaging of the internal structures of the body, which can be used to visualise parts of the reproductive system. MRI Scan The Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI scan uses powerful magnets and radio waves to construct images of the internal structures. Transvaginal Ultrasound A transvaginal ultrasound is used to get pictures of the uterus by using a special probe through the vagina. Biopsy Performing biopsy of the endometrium is an essential component of uterine cancer diagnosis, which requires removing a small amount of tissue from the suspected area in the uterus by inserting a thin, flexible tube through the cervix. The tissue sample is then tested in the laboratory to look for signs of cancer in the sample. This procedure also helps in the staging of cancer to understand how far the cancer has spread. Hysteroscopy Hysteroscopy is another imaging test performed using a hysteroscope, which is a thin, lighted, flexible tube, and is inserted through the vagina and cervix to reach the uterus. Dilation & Curettage It is a complex diagnostic procedure used to remove tissues from the uterus for further testing in a laboratory for the presence of cancerous cells. Pap Test A pap smear test may be recommended for cervical cancer. Treatment of Uterine Cancer Uterine cancer can be treated in several ways depending on the type, location, size, and stage of the cancer. The overall health condition of the patient also needs to be considered for proceeding with any cancer treatment modality. Not every treatment may be applicable to every patient. The goals and requirements of each case are unique, and therefore, require extensive discussion and planning to ensure the best possible outcome of uterine cancer treatment. The type of treatment opted for may or may not affect the fertility and sexual health of the patient. If any patient is considering pregnancy post-cancer treatment, they should discuss the options for fertility preservation with their oncologists before treatment begins. The common types of uterine cancer treatment modalities are described below. Surgery (Hysterectomy): Surgery is the most common cancer treatment modality for uterine cancer. Uterine cancer surgery is usually the first treatment used, which involves removing the cancerous cells as well as the surrounding tissues to ensure no cancerous cells are left. The procedure used to perform the surgery is known as a hysterectomy, which may either be performed through an abdominal incision or laparoscopically through a minimal incision, or through the vagina. During a hysterectomy, either only the uterus and cervix may be removed, or the upper part of the vagina, along with the surrounding tissues, may be removed. If the patient has no cancer left in the remaining portion of the uterus, additional treatments may not be required further. Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy employs high-energy X-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells, which can be delivered internally or externally. External-beam radiotherapy is the most common type of radiation therapy delivered in the pelvic region or the location of the tumours. It may be given in addition to surgery to shrink the tumour or as a standalone treatment if the patient cannot undergo surgery. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a common cancer treatment that uses medicinal drugs to destroy cancer cells. It can be given after surgery in the case of endometrial cancer or in the case of recurrent endometrial cancer. Chemotherapy can be delivered orally, intravenously, or topically. Hormonal Therapy: Hormonal therapy for uterine cancer often involves delivering a high dose of progesterones in pill form to slow down the growth of certain types of uterine cancer related to the receptors of these hormones. Immunotherapy: Employing immunotherapy treatment involves strengthening the body’s own defence mechanism against the cancer cells. Immunotherapy can be administered by giving specific drugs to enhance the natural immune system to treat recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer or uterine tumours when other forms of treatments have not worked. Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy involves targeting specific genes or proteins that aid in the growth of uterine cancer and slowing down their growth to restrict the spread of cancer cells. Targeted therapy requires extensive testing to find out if there are any specific genes, proteins, or other factors contributing to the growth of the tumours. Conclusion If uterine
Brain Tumor Diagnosis, Treatment & Surgery
Brain tumour is the condition of abnormal growth of cells in or around the brain. These tumours, called primary brain tumours, can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and can grow at various rates. About one-third of brain tumours are cancerous. However, even benign brain tumours can cause impairment of brain function if these tumours grow large enough to press against the surrounding tissues, nerves, and blood vessels. Apart from tumours growing in the brain originally, tumours growing in another part of the body can also spread to the brain. These are called secondary or metastatic brain tumours. Diagnosis of Brain Tumour Brain tumour diagnosis can be a complex process requiring the assistance of several specialists and oncologists. Sometimes, it may be detected during imaging tests performed for other health conditions. Since a headache is often the first and most prominent symptom of brain cancer, a patient may visit the doctor to seek treatment for their headache. The doctor may conduct physical tests and inquire about other symptoms, family history, and the patient’s personal medical history. A neurological examination may also be recommended to assess vision, hearing, reflexes, and the mental status of the patient. For further confirmation, the doctor may recommend specific imaging tests for a brain scan. An MRI scan is the standard method for obtaining an image of the brain’s structure. If structural anomalies are identified during the scan, a brain biopsy of the tumour may be performed to determine the type of brain tumour and to determine the cancer’s stage. Treatment of Brain Tumour Brain tumour treatment depends on several factors such as the location and size of the tumour, the number of tumours present as well as the age and overall health condition of the patient. Some of the main brain cancer treatment options include: Brain Tumour Surgery Surgery is the most common cancer treatment modality. Brain cancer surgery or tumour surgery can completely remove non-cancerous brain tumours, which usually don’t grow back. In most cases, surgery may be a sufficient form of treatment. There are various surgical approaches available to remove brain tumours, depending on the location and size of the tumours. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy treatment for brain cancer treatment involves using chemotherapy drugs to destroy brain cancer cells. Chemotherapy is often employed in conjunction with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy employs X-rays or other forms of light energy to eliminate cancerous cells in malignant brain tumours or slow down their growth. There are different types of radiation therapy used to treat brain tumours: Targeted Therapy Targeted therapy uses medical drugs that selectively attack specific cells to stop the growth and spread of cancer. Unlike chemotherapy, targeted therapy does not attack healthy cells, so this form of treatment has milder and fewer side effects. Rehabilitation & Recovery after Brain Tumour Treatment Follow-up care and rehabilitation after brain tumour treatment may involve regular check-ups and brain scans by a neurosurgeon or neurologist. The doctor may check for the recurrence of the tumour and possible issues caused by the tumours. Rehabilitation and physical therapy may be required to regain some of the affected skills and treatment after brain cancer treatment. Physical therapists and occupational therapists work in collaboration with the treating doctors to determine the best course of rehabilitation for each individual patient. Conclusion In many cases, brain tumours can be treated successfully. However, some people go on to live an active and fulfilling life with asymptomatic brain tumours. Sometimes, brain tumours may return, which then requires continued treatment to prevent the cancerous cells from growing and spreading. Find the right brain tumour treatment in India and get a one-on-one consultation with the top Neuro-oncologists at the best brain tumour hospital in India, Wockhardt Hospitals, and avail of the best-in-class treatment with state-of-the-art facilities and continual professional support. Call us today and get a quote on the most affordable brain tumour treatment cost in India. FAQs on Brain Tumour Treatment in India Q. What is a brain tumour? A mass of aberrant brain cells is referred to as a brain tumour. The brain is protected by the highly strong skull. Any expansion within such a constrained area might lead to complications. Q. What is the difference between Primary brain tumours and benign brain tumours? Primary Brain Tumour – An abnormal growth that originates in the brain and normally does not spread to other regions of the body is referred to as a primary brain tumour. Primary brain tumours can be either benign or cancerous. Benign Brain Tumour – A benign brain tumour develops gradually, is well-defined, and seldom spreads. Benign tumours can be fatal if they are located in a critical region, even though their cells are not cancerous. Q. What is the difference between benign and malignant brain tumours? Malignant Brain Tumour – A malignant brain tumour develops rapidly, has irregular borders, and spreads to surrounding brain regions. Malignant brain tumours are frequently referred to as “brain cancer,” although they do not meet the criteria of the disease because they do not spread to other organs outside the brain and spine. Metastatic Brain Tumours – Brain tumours that have migrated to the brain from other parts of the body are known as metastatic (secondary) brain tumours. They develop as a result of the bloodstream transmission of cancer cells. Lung and breast cancers are the two most common cancers to spread to the brain.
Brain Tumour Signs, Symptoms & Causes
A brain tumour is an abnormal development of cells inside the skull or brain; some of these tumours are benign, and some are cancerous. Brain tumours can develop directly from brain tissue itself (primary tumours) or they can metastasize from other cancers in the body and go to the brain. Options for brain cancer treatment depend on the kind, size, and location of the tumour. The aim of brain cancer treatment may be rehabilitative or may be symptom relief. Most of the 120 different forms of brain tumours are treatable. Types of Brain Tumour Several types of brain tumours have been identified. They are mostly classified into glial or non-glial tumours. Glial brain tumours are composed of the glial cells in the brain, which include the following types of brain tumours: Other types of brain cancers include the following: Signs and Symptoms of Brain Tumour Depending on the size and location of the brain tumour, individuals may experience different symptoms. Common signs of a brain tumour may include: Symptoms of a Brain Tumour The cerebrum is referred to as the brain’s primary structure. Different brain tumour symptoms may arise from various types of brain tumours in the cerebrum. What Causes Brain Tumour? When cells in or around the brain experience DNA alterations, brain tumours develop. The instructions directing a cell’s behaviour are stored in its DNA. When healthy cells naturally expire as a part of their life cycle, the alterations instruct the cells to proliferate swiftly and stay alive. As a result, the brain produces many additional cells. A tumour might develop when the cells grow together. It is unclear what triggers the DNA alterations that result in brain tumours. Children’s DNA can occasionally alter because of their parents. The modifications may raise the chance of developing a brain tumour. Children who have brain tumours are more likely to have primary brain tumours. Brain tumours in adults are more frequently caused by cancer that first developed elsewhere and then metastasized to the brain. Risk Factors for Brain Tumour The risk of getting a brain tumour might be increased by a number of risk factors. These brain tumour causes consist of: Conclusion It’s crucial to discuss brain tumour symptoms with a doctor who specialises in brain tumour treatment, brain tumour surgery and can confirm or rule out the presence of a tumour. Patients can visit Wockhardt Hospitals to get assistance in identifying the underlying brain tumour causes and brain tumour signs. We can conduct sophisticated diagnostic tests on-site if our oncologists have a malignancy suspicion, providing our patients with the information they need as soon as possible and start brain tumour treatment. Wockhardt Hospital provides one of the best brain tumour treatments in India. FAQs on Brain Tumour Q. How does the type, size, and location of a brain tumour affect its potential lethality? Any type of brain tumour, whether benign, malignant, or metastatic, has the potential to be deadly. Brain tumours can vary greatly in size. Some are discovered while still small, as they produce noticeable symptoms. Others grow to a considerable size before detection. The brain is divided into many regions, some of which are more active than others. If a brain tumour develops in a less active area of the brain, it may not exhibit immediate symptoms. Consequently, the tumour can grow quite large before diagnosis. Q.What are the best treatment options for brain tumours? Treatment options for brain tumours depend on the type, size, and location of the tumour. Radiation treatment, chemotherapy, and brain cancer surgery are utilised to treat brain tumours. Q. Is it possible to fully cure a brain tumour? Certain brain tumours (low grade) develop very slowly and are incurable. The tumour may or may not prove fatal in the end, depending on the patient’s age at diagnosis. It typically depends on the kind of tumour, its location inside the brain, and how it reacts to brain tumour treatment.
Uterine Cancer Signs, Symptoms & Causes
Endometrial cancer, commonly referred to as uterine cancer, is a specific type of cancer that originates within the uterus. The uterus is a crucial female reproductive organ, characterised by its hollow, pear-shaped structure located in the pelvic region. It serves as the nurturing environment for foetal development during pregnancy. Endometrial cancer initiates in a specific layer of cells that form the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. One distinguishing feature of endometrial cancer is that it is often detected at an early stage due to a noticeable symptom: abnormal vaginal bleeding. This irregular bleeding is a red flag and one of the main uterine cancer signs that prompts many individuals to seek medical attention, leading to the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. In cases where endometrial cancer is identified in its early stages, the doctors employ a surgical technique called hysterectomy i.e., the removal of the uterus, for its treatment. With this, the doctors aim to remove the cancer’s source and prevent metastasis. Types of Uterine Cancer Cancer in the female reproductive system may appear at any of the parts, based on which there can be different types of uterine cancer. Endometrial Cancer Endometrial cancer develops in the endometrium and is the most common gynaecological cancer affecting the female reproductive system. Uterine Sarcoma Tumours developing in the myometrium, which is the muscle wall of the uterus, are known as uterine sarcomas. These are rare gynaecological cancers. Cervical Cancer Cancer develops in the cervical part of the uterus, which is located at the end of the uterus. This is called cervical cancer, as it affects the cervix of the uterus. What Causes Uterine Cancer? While the exact uterine cancer causes are still not known, certain factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing this condition. Getting a comprehensive understanding of potential uterine cancer causes can be beneficial in preventing the disease in the first place. It can also help in early detection and prompt treatment. Some uterine cancer causes and risk factors are as follows: Uterine Cancer Signs and Symptoms Uterine cancer or endometrial cancer may exhibit certain symptoms of uterine cancer, but the type of uterine cancer symptoms one may experience and their intensity may vary based on the stage of the cancer, among other factors. In addition, the signs can sometimes be hard to recognise as they are very similar to those of certain other reproductive conditions. However, it is essential for women to be aware of symptoms of uterine cancer to recognise the condition in time and prevent potential complications that may arise. On that note, listed below are the endometrial cancer symptoms experienced by women at different stages of the condition: Stage I (Confined to the Uterus): Stage II (Spread to the Cervix): Stage III (Spread to the Vagina, Ovaries, and/or Lymph Nodes): Stage IV (Spread to Distant Organs): Note: While the signs and symptoms discussed can mimic those of other conditions, it is essential for anyone experiencing them to seek prompt medical intervention. When diagnosed in time, endometrial cancer can be reversed. Conclusion Being diagnosed with uterine cancer can be frightening. But, it should be noted that it can be treated if prompt medical intervention is sought. Wockhardt Hospitals welcomes individuals who may suspect uterine cancer by recognising its symptoms in time. Our healthcare facility boasts a world-class team of highly reputable oncologists and gynaecologists, who provide personalised and all-round care for patients with uterine cancer. With the active participation of healthcare professionals from various departments, we adopt a holistic approach to the management of uterine cancer. Your health is our utmost priority, and we are here to provide exceptional care at every step of your treatment journey. FAQs on Uterine Cancer Q. What are the stages of uterine cancer? Uterine cancer has four stages: In stage 1, the cancer is confined to the uterus. In stage 2, the cancer spreads to the cervix. Stage 3 involves the spread of the cancer to the vagina and ovaries, and Stage 4 is when the cancer spreads to the urinary bladder, rectum, or other organs. Q. Is uterine cancer curable? Uterine cancer is curable if it’s diagnosed and treated at an early stage. Therefore, recognising the signs of this cancer early is necessary. Q. How long can one live after uterine cancer? This depends on the extent of the cancer. While some patients might survive for up to 1 year, others might survive up to 10 years
Skin Cancer Signs, Symptoms & Causes
Skin cancer is a medical condition that is caused by the proliferation of abnormal cells within the skin tissues. Generally, as the skin cells age and die, new skin cells are formed to replace them. However, when this process is not functioning as it should, the growth of skin cells increases abnormally. These cells can be benign (non-cancerous) and do not spread or cause harm, or sometimes, they can be cancerous. If skin cancer is not detected in its early stages, it may spread to surrounding tissue or other parts of the body. Fortunately, most cases of skin cancer are reversible if discovered and treated in their early stages. Schedule a skin cancer screening at Wockhardt Hospitals today to catch it early and ensure your well-being. Understanding Skin Cancer Skin cancer is a cancerous disease that involves the growth of abnormal skin cells. Normal skin cells have a fixed cell cycle; they grow old and die eventually within that time period. However, in the case of skin cancer, this process doesn’t occur as it should and causes faster growth of skin cells. These rapidly growing cells can be non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous in nature. The primary cause of skin cancer is overexposure to sunlight. Skin cancer develops when mutations occur in the DNA of skin cells, which result from an external trigger, often ultraviolet light. The mutation causes skin cells to start growing uncontrollably and forming a mass of cancer cells. Skin cancer is most commonly observed in areas of the skin exposed to the sun, mainly due to ultraviolet light. However, it may also occur in areas not exposed to sunlight. Getting checked by a doctor if any noticeable changes occur on any part of the skin can lead to early detection and treatment of skin cancer, even if it is not malignant. Early detection of skin cancer provides the greatest chance for successful treatment. Types of Skin Cancer Skin cancer usually occurs in exposed parts of the body, such as the face, scalp, neck, chest, arms, and legs. However, it may also occur in areas which don’t receive any sunlight, such as the palms, under the fingernails, and around the genitalia. Based on which part of the skin has been affected, skin cancer can be categorised into three main types: Causes of Skin Cancer Skin cancer caused by changes/mutations in the DNA of skin cells is the most prominent one. These mutations cause skin cells to proliferate out of control and aggregate into a mass of cancerous cells. Most skin cancer causes are unidentified. Risk factors, however, may increase a person’s likelihood of getting skin cancers like Melanoma. 1. Exposure to UV light – Multiple types of skin cancer are significantly increased by UV radiation exposure. Among the sources of UV light exposure are: 2. Moles – Skin cancer is not usually indicated by moles. However, if one has a lot of them, they have a higher chance of turning into melanoma. 3. Family History – A person’s chance of developing melanoma increases if their parents, siblings, or children do have the condition. Experts advise the following if a person has a family history of skin cancer: 4. Compromised Immune System – It is more likely that someone may acquire skin cancer if other illnesses or medical procedures weaken their immune system. The immune system of a person could be damaged if: 5. Older Age – Although skin cancer can occur in adolescents and young adults, it usually affects those over the age of 30. Symptoms of Skin Cancer An abnormal growth on the skin, such as a mole, is the primary skin cancer symptom. Some other symptoms may include: General skin cancer signs are: Skin Cancer Symptoms Based on Types According to the kind of cells affected, there are many types of skin cancer. Skin cancer is classified into three main types: Each form of skin cancer has its unique set of warning indicators. Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinoma This type of skin cancer is mainly due to an alteration in the skin, such as a growth or an unhealing wound. Typically, these skin alterations exhibit one of the following skin cancer signs: Basal Cell Carcinoma skin cancer signs include: Symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma typically develops on sun-exposed body parts, including the face, ears, and hands. It can also develop on the genitals, the soles of the feet, or the inside of the mouth. Symptoms may include: Squamous Cell Carcinoma skin cancer signs include: Symptoms of Melanoma Melanoma can appear anywhere on the body, in apparently healthy skin, or in a mole that has already existed and turned malignant. Men with melanoma typically develop the disease on their faces or trunks. This form of cancer typically appears on the lower legs in female patients. Melanoma may develop on skin that has not been exposed to the sun in both men and women. Melanoma skin cancer signs include: Less Prevalent Forms of Skin Cancer Symptoms What are the Risk Factors for Skin Cancer? Although anybody can get skin cancer, certain individuals are more prone than others to develop the disease. These include: How is Skin Cancer Treated? The size, kind, depth, and location of the lesions will determine the treatment choices for both skin cancer and actinic keratoses, which are precancerous skin lesions. If the cancer is small and only affects the skin’s surface, sometimes a skin biopsy is sufficient to remove all of the affected tissue. Other commonly employed treatments for skin cancer, either alone or in combination, include: Freezing Cryosurgery, or freezing, is a minimally invasive treatment for certain skin cancers. Liquid nitrogen or another freezing agent is applied directly to the tumour, causing the cancer cells to freeze and die. This method is often used for small basal cell carcinomas and precancerous lesions, but it may require multiple sessions for complete eradication. Excisional Surgery Excisional surgery is a standard treatment option for skin cancer, especially for basal cell and squamous
Colorectal Cancer Signs, Symptoms & Causes
Colorectal cancer is cancer forming in the colon and the rectum, which can cause minor or non-existent symptoms in its early stage; however, there can be some colorectal cancer early signs. Regular screening tests can help to diagnose cancer in the colon and rectum. What is Colorectal Cancer? Colorectal cancer is a prevalent term used to describe cancer that develops in the colon and the rectum, which is located in the lower part of the digestive tract. The colon is the longest and the first part of the large intestine. Colon cancer may affect older adults, but it may also occur at any age. Colon cancer usually begins as small masses of cells called polyps that form inside the colon. Although polyps aren’t harmful and don’t cause any symptoms, some of these can turn into colon cancers. If colon cancer develops, there are many treatments that can help to control it. These treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and other medical treatments such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Colorectal Cancer Signs & Symptoms Colorectal cancer signs and symptoms don’t appear at the beginning of the cancer. When the Colorectal cancer symptoms appear, they are likely to depend on the size and location of the cancer. Colorectal Cancer Early Signs Most of the cancers developing in the colon or rectum develop from the polyps. At the early stage, there may not be any symptoms, but certain warning signs may be present. These signs may include: These symptoms may also be caused by other less serious conditions such as haemorrhoids. However, any such signs should be checked by a healthcare provider. Colorectal Cancer Local Symptoms Local symptoms of colorectal cancer are present only in the colon and/or the rectum and have not yet spread to the other organs. Such local symptoms caused by colorectal cancer include the following: There can be additional symptoms of cancer in the colorectal region, which may include: Colon Cancer Symptoms While there may not be any symptoms at the earliest stage of colon cancer, as the cancer grows and spreads, symptoms such as fatigue and weight loss may appear. Thereafter, changes in bowel habits may indicate colon cancer, which may include: Rectal Cancer Symptoms The symptoms may be similar to those of other bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease or inflammatory bowel disease. However, the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease may subside after some time; in the case of rectal cancers, the symptoms may exacerbate further as the cancer develops. Tumours forming in the rectum may alter the frequency and consistency of bowel movements. As the cancer progresses and spreads throughout the rectum and possibly into the colon, the symptoms may worsen and become much more severe. Some of the common signs associated with changes in bowel movements in the case of rectal cancer include: Symptoms of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer When cancer from the colon and rectum starts spreading to the other parts and organs, symptoms may appear depending upon the size of the tumour as well as the location of the tumour. However, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer may not be aware of the symptoms before a diagnosis is made. There can be systemic symptoms in the affected areas, such as: Causes of Colorectal Cancer Colorectal cancer develops when cancerous cells start to grow out of control in the colon or the rectum. Colorectal cancer most commonly begins in the mucous-making cells of the colon and the rectum, which undergo cellular changes to form tumours. What causes colorectal cancer is not clear, but it is mostly a result of changes in the DNA. Usually, the DNA in these cells undergo a mutation that makes them unable to control cellular growth and division. In many cases, cancerous cells are identified and attacked by the immune system, but some escape and grow uncontrollably, forming tumours in the colon or rectum. The exact colorectal cancer causes are unknown, but there are certain risk factors that are linked with the development of colorectal cancer. Risk Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer The risk factors associated with the development of colorectal cancer include: Although colon cancer can affect anyone at any age, people older than 50 are more likely to be affected by colon cancer. If a person is prone to developing colon polyps or has a family history of colon cancer, he/she is more likely to develop colon cancer. If a person has a chronic case of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, the individual has a higher risk of colon cancer. A low-fibre and high-fat diet may lead to an increased risk of colon cancer. Consuming a lot of processed and/or red meat might increase the risk of colon cancer. Not exercising regularly increases the risk of colon cancer. People with diabetes or insulin resistance and those who are obese have an increased risk of developing colon cancer. Smoking and use of tobacco, as well as drinking alcohol, increases the risk of developing colon cancer. Avoid the causes and take all the measures to avoid colorectal or any other cancer as such. Follow a healthy diet and lifestyle routine daily. Conclusion If you experience any of the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer, visit the doctors at Wockhardt Hospitals at the earliest. Our healthcare professionals at the Oncology Department are highly experienced in successfully treating patients and improving their quality of life with the most precise diagnosis, effective treatment, and follow-up medical care. FAQs on Colorectal Cancer Q. What foods to avoid after Colorectal Surgery? Avoid foods that can make you feel gassy, such as bread and tough meats, as well as hot, fried, or gas-inducing items. To prevent swallowing air, which leads to gas, avoid using a straw, and refrain from chewing gum or using tobacco. Dehydration can be exacerbated by chocolate, alcohol, and caffeinated beverages. Q. What benefits might colonoscopies offer? Colonoscopies can often prevent and treat colon cancer. Doctors use them to identify and remove polyps in the colon before they become
Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment & Surgery
Colorectal cancer, depending on where it begins, is often called either colon or rectal cancer. Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or the rectum as a growth or polyps, which can further develop into cancer. However, it must be noted polyps usually do not show symptoms, and for this reason, doctors typically ask for several testing procedures such as biopsy, colonoscopy, etc. Once the doctors have the findings, they will discuss the treatment with the patient – the treatment goals and expectations. How is Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed? Colorectal cancer diagnosis takes place depending on the age and by considering some other factors such as the type of cancer, signs and symptoms, results of previous medical results, family and medical history of the patient, and many others. Here are some of the tests used to diagnose colorectal cancer, but not all tests are used for all the patients – In addition to the above tests mentioned, the doctors may ask the patient to get some other tests, such as biomarker testing to be done to identify specific genes, repair proteins, etc. How is Colorectal Cancer Treated? Treatment options for colorectal surgery depend on several factors, such as type and stage of the cancer, side effects, patient preference, and health condition. Hence, the patient needs to talk about all the possible factors before jumping to the conclusion of the treatment. Here are some of the most preferred treatments for colorectal cancer – Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy utilises high-energy X-rays to eliminate cancer cells and is most commonly used to kill rectal cancer cells. The procedure is carried out by a specialist known as a Radiation Oncologist. There are two types of radiation therapy – Chemotherapy During chemotherapy, the doctor uses drugs to destroy cancer cells by keeping them from multiplying and growing. This cancer treatment is usually done after the surgery to kill the remaining cancer cells. Sometimes, the doctor might give chemotherapy and radiation therapy before the surgery to shrink the size of the cancer. Targeted Therapy Before proceeding with the targeted therapy, the doctors usually perform several tests to identify the protein levels, genes, and the tissue environment that contribute to the growth of the cancer cells. Targeted therapy blocks the development of the cancer cells. Thus stopping them from spreading to other parts of the body. Also, this treatment limits damage to the healthy cells. Immunotherapy Immunotherapy uses the body’s natural defence to fight cancer by boosting immunity and its ability to fight cancer cells. Does Surgery Help in Treating Colorectal Cancer? Colorectal cancer surgery is one of the common treatments, as it completely removes the cancer cells. During surgery, the tumour is removed along with some healthy surrounding tissues. Here are some of the surgical options for colorectal cancer – Conclusion Colorectal cancer is treatable if diagnosed early. With so much technological advancement, it is now quite possible to treat cancer. If a patient has colorectal cancer, we advise you to go see a healthcare provider at Wockhardt Hospitals as soon as possible. The doctor will diagnose and chart out a treatment plan depending on the findings, and will also inform the patient of colorectal cancer treatment cost. FAQs on Colorectal Cancer Treatment in India Q. Does CA 125 detect colon cancer? Cancer antigen (CA-125) was initially believed to be a specific biomarker for ovarian cancer, but recently it has been found in the sera (blood) of patients with gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Q. What are the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer? Here are a few symptoms of colorectal cancer – Sudden weight loss Blood in stool Irregular bowel movement Abdominal pain, aches, or cramps Q. What is the colon cancer treatment cost in India? The colon cancer treatment cost in India varies depending on the type of hospital, doctor’s expertise, technologies used, and many more factors. Therefore, it is important to discuss the cost with the doctors before you start with the treatment.
Cervical Cancer Signs, Symptoms & Causes
Cancer is a medical condition in which the body’s cells behave abnormally and proliferate uncontrollably. Even if it later spreads to other body areas, cancer is always named after the area of the body where it first manifests. Cervical cancer is a kind of cancer that first appears in the cervix. The vagina (birth canal) and the top part of the uterus are joined by the cervix. Cervical cancer is a concern for anyone with a cervix. What is Cervical Cancer? Cervical cancer is characterised by cell proliferation that begins in the cervix, the bottom portion of the uterus that links to the vaginal opening. Most cervical cancer cases are caused by different strains of the HPV or Human Papillomavirus. HPV is a widespread virus spread through sexual contact. When the body is exposed to HPV, our immune system usually stops the virus from causing any harm. The virus, on the other hand, can live for years in a small number of people. This contributes to the process that leads to the transformation of certain cervical cells into cancer cells. Although not all the cells will develop into cancer, it is crucial to identify these unfavourable cells and treat them to avoid cervical cancer. By taking an HPV vaccination and undergoing screening tests, one can lower their chance of acquiring cervical cancer. When cervical cancer occurs, surgery to remove the cancerous tumour usually constitutes the initial course of treatment. The use of medication therapy to destroy cancer cells may be one of the additional therapies. Chemotherapy and targeted treatment medications may be options. Symptoms of Cervical Cancer It may be possible to identify cervical cancer symptoms at an earlier stage, even if some people don’t exhibit cervical cancer symptoms until the disease has reached the advanced stage. The cervical cancer early signs include: Vaginal bleeding – Cervical cancer can sometimes seem like menstrual bleeding. Any type of bleeding that appears abnormal should be reported to a doctor. Pelvic pain – Women may feel pain in the pelvic area, sometimes with no obvious cause. Changes in vaginal discharge – Vaginal discharge that is clear, milky, or slightly yellowish in colour is typical and healthy. However, any changes in colour, consistency, or odour should be looked into. Women should be on the lookout for any changes to their discharge since they could be connected to cervical cancer: Pain during sex – Some people bleed after having sex or endure pain during it. One should talk to a doctor about any of these cervical cancer symptoms. There may be no symptoms when early-stage cervical cancer first appears. The cancer typically doesn’t show signs until it has spread to adjacent tissue. Although signs of cervical cancer are unlikely to arise rapidly, once they occur, they frequently linger. Symptoms of Cervical Cancer at Advanced Stage It is possible for cervical cancer to spread (metastasize) to the lymph nodes, the pelvis, or other parts of the body by forming tumours. Advanced cervical cancer signs include: These are the most prevalent cervical cancer signs; now, let’s understand its causes in detail. What Causes Cervical Cancer? The majority of cervical cancer causes are high-risk strains of the genital human papillomavirus (HPV). Four out of five persons will get at least one kind of genital HPV over their lifetimes, making it exceedingly prevalent. Having intercourse with an infected person typically results in the transmission of genital HPV. Most HPV carriers will not experience any symptoms, and their immune systems will soon eliminate the virus. When an infection in a woman’s cervix does not go away, it may create precancerous alterations that may eventually turn into cancer. These changes take years to manifest and proceed extremely slowly. The following cervical cancer causes can increase a person’s chance of developing cancer brought on by HPV infections: Additional Cervical Cancer Risk Factors The following are additional cervical cancer risk factors: Conclusion Cervical cancer is a preventable & treatable disease when detected early through regular screening and vaccination against HPV. Additionally, practising safe sex, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. If you have concerns about cervical cancer or its risk factors, you can consult with a specialist at Wockhardt Hospitals for guidance and appropriate preventive measures. Wockhardt Hospitals, the most reputable hospital for treating cervical cancer, provides thorough diagnostic services in the field of oncology. We provide our patients with all-inclusive medical assistance during the entire procedure by our highly skilled medical personnel. Our doctors offer compassionate care and a variety of cervical cancer treatment modalities, such as medicinal therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, etc. FAQs on Cervical Cancer Q. Does cervical cancer metastasize to other bodily parts? Yes, cervical cancer can spread to other body parts if left untreated. Stage 4 cervical cancer indicates it has metastasized to other organs. Q. Which preventative measure against cervical cancer is most crucial for women? The three most crucial steps for preventing cervical cancer are getting HPV screenings, regular screening tests, and consulting your doctor if any results are abnormal. Q. Is there a hereditary component to cervical cancer? Since individuals with a family history of cervical cancer are at a higher risk of developing the disease, there may be a genetic component.
Cervical Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment & Surgery
Cervical cancer is the growth of aberrant cells in the body part called the cervix (the lower section of the uterus connecting to the vagina). These cancers are caused by several strains of human papillomavirus (in short, HPV), which is a sexually transmitted viral pathogen. When a human body is exposed to HPV, the immune system of the body creates resistance and does not let the virus harm the body. Thus, the virus can live for a longer period in the human body, which contributes to the process that causes cancer cells to grow in the cervix. As this condition might be deadly, it is important to see a doctor immediately upon experiencing the first symptom, such as – vaginal bleeding, water and bloody vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The symptoms are quite similar to PCOS – hence, it is important to visit the doctor at the earliest. The doctor will perform some cervical cancer diagnosis to determine what type of cancer you have and where the cancer has spread. With the help of a diagnosis report, the doctor will plan a treatment that will suit your needs. How is Cervical Cancer Diagnosed? Cervical cancer diagnosis consists of several tests, as mentioned below – Screening – Screening tests can help detect precancerous cells in addition to cervical cancer. Most doctors usually recommend this after the age of 21, which can be done every few years. Screen tests include – When the doctors suspect cervical cancer during the pap or HPV DNA tests, they might order tests to thoroughly examine the cervix using a colposcope – a special magnifying instrument. During the examination, the doctor removes a part of the cervical cells using two processes – If the test results are concerning, the doctors might order more diagnostic tests, such as – How is Cervical Cancer Treated? Cervical cancer treatment involves several treatment processes depending on the type, size, and location of the cancer. Here are some of the most frequently used treatment methods for cervical cancer – Is Surgery a Viable Option for Cervical Cancer? Surgery is used only to treat cancers that are small and haven’t grown beyond the cervix. Several other factors determine if cervical cancer surgery is the best treatment for the patient, such as – Here are some surgical options the doctors might use for cervical cancer treatment – Conclusion It is important to see a doctor once the patient starts experiencing symptoms of cervical cancer. The earlier it gets detected, the better the chances of its complete treatment. Cervical cancer diagnosis is usually done depending on the type of cancer a patient is having. Once done, the concerned oncologist will chart out an effective treatment plan. Before the cervical cancer treatment begins, it is important to discuss the goals and possible outcomes, side effects, etc., to ensure everything is carried out as planned. Visit the Wockhardt Hospitals, also known as the best cervical cancer hospital in India today to receive the best cervical cancer treatment from highly experienced and board-certified oncologists and oncosurgeons. FAQs on Cervical Cancer Treatment in India Q. What causes cervical cancer? Cervical cancer is mostly caused by persistent infection with specific strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) virus. Q. Who is at risk of cervical cancer? Cervical cancer is most common in younger people, especially if you are under 45. Also, if a person has a weakened immune system, they are at higher chances of getting cervical cancer. Q. Can cervical cancer be cured? If the cervical tissue is removed early, the cancer can be cured. Also, sometimes the doctors might suggest to undergo simple or radical hysterectomy, or sometimes – a combination of both.
